The same way as Water (H2O)…is not Hydrogen gas !
Carbon dioxide Chemical formula: CO 2
A colourless, odourless gas that is present in the atmosphere and is formed when any fuel containing carbon is burned. It is breathed out of an animal’s lungs during respiration, is produced by the decay of organic matter, and is used by plants in photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is also used in refrigeration, welding, fire extinguishers, and carbonated drinks.
CO2 is a radiative gas. Meaning it is both an IR (Infra-Red) absorbing and an IR emitting gas.
Carbon. Symbol: C
A widely distributed non-metallic element occurring in many inorganic & in all organic compounds, it occurs in a pure state as – diamond and graphite, & in an impure state as – charcoal, coal, limestone, & petroleum; is capable of chemical self-bonding to form a number of important molecules.
Carbon 14, is a long-lived radioactive isotope used in dating organic deposits.
Carbon forms the basis for ALL living tissue. (Human tissue is made of 18.5% Carbon)
To put the “carbon” scare into perspective:
CO2 has increased from about 3 parts in 10,000, to only 4 parts in 10,000 …. in 150 years. –
- CO2 is a very tiny trace gas, currently just 0.04 % of the atmosphere, but it is essential to ALL life on earth. At current and projected concentrations, more CO2 is better. There is NO scientific evidence proving that CO2 is anything but a completely harmless trace gas, which is very beneficial to the biosphere.
- CO2 has been up to 20x higher in the past. Then life on earth flourished & the planet was REALLY green.
In the last 30yrs CO2 fertilisation correlated with an 11 per cent increase in foliage cover across parts of the arid areas studied in Australia, North America, the Middle East and Africa, See-
http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Media/Deserts-greening-from-rising-CO2.asp
- To live in a lush green clean world we actually need 3x present CO2 levels…..ask any botanist.
- The facts are very simple: CO2 is a “trace gas” in air, insignificant by definition.
It absorbs only 1/7th of the IR (heat energy) from sunlight as water vapor which has 188 times as many molecules capturing 1,200 times as much heat. H2O (water) is the main Greenhouse gas. (See also graph on this page)
The Vostock Ice Core data analysis shows CO2 increases follow temperature increases 800 years later. This occurs 19 times in 450,000 years. That makes temperature change the cause and CO2 change the effect; not the other way around. This alone refutes the anthropogenic global warming concept.
If CO2 is the cause…..there should be no pause in temperature rise.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Interglacial Warmth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z685n4RMx6Y&feature=player_embedded
The Mathematics of Carbon Dioxide. in 4 parts Mike Jonas (MA Maths Oxford UK).
In Part 1, simple mathematical formulae were developed to emulate the carbon dioxide (CO2.) contribution to global temperature change, as represented in the computer climate models. https://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/07/25/the-mathematics-of-carbon-dioxide-part-1/
In Part 2, the formulae were used to have a look at the Medieval Warming Period (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA). https://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/07/27/the-mathematics-of-carbon-dioxide-part-2/
In Part 3, the formulae were used to have a look at the period used in Al Gore’s film An Inconvenient Truth. https://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/07/31/the-mathematics-of-carbon-dioxide-part-3/
Part 4 looks at the major components of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity *(ECS). ECS is key to all of the findings of the IPCC and to the computer climate models. https://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/08/01/the-mathematics-of-carbon-dioxide-part-4/
*Note : This article does not say anything new, or claim to find any new results. It has all been said many times before. But it does look at ECS from a logical perspective.
Conclusion
As shown above, there is an implied assumption in the models that CO2 is the principal driver of global temperature. That assumption is demonstrated very clearly in Part 1, where all of the post-industrial warming is assumed to be caused by CO2.
But when the results of the models are then compared to past surface temperatures, as was done in Part 2 and Part 3, it is found that CO2 actually plays little part in temperature change, therefore-
The assumption that CO2 is the principal driver of global temperature is wrong. See also Greenhouse Gases.
Measuring CO2
Although there are numerous sub stations around the world, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/iadv/ the main quoted sources of data are –
The Observatory near the summit of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an altitude of 3,400 m, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/ • The Keeling curve https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/
&
The “IBUKI”, Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT, launched on January 23, 2009) project.
http://global.jaxa.jp/press/2009/05/20090528_ibuki_e.html
Monthly atmospheric CO2 records from 10 sites around the world is collected: Mauna Loa, Barrow, American Samoa, South Pole, Alert, Cape Kumukahi, Christmas Island, Baring Head, Kermadec Island, and La Jolla Pier. The concentration of CO2 in volume fraction (ppmv) is then translate into mass fraction and the weight of CO2 at particular year is then calculated
Myth: “CO2 is a pollutant.”
“The Worst Climate Pollution Is Carbon Dioxide” Scientific American 2014
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-worst-climate-pollution-is-carbon-dioxide/
“carbon dioxide is widely considered to be a pollutant” – National Geographic http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/pollution-overview/
“Legislation is so important because it will …… deal with carbon dioxide pollution,” – EPA administrator Lisa Jackson testifies to Congress 2009
http://energycommerce.house.gov/press-release/subcommittee-approves-bipartisan-bill-stop-epa-driving-gasoline-and-energy-prices
Fact: CO2 is not a pollutant,
CO2 is in our every breath, in the carbonated sodas and waters that we drink and in the dry ice that helps us keep our food cold and safe. We breathe in 400 parts per million and then exhale 40,000 parts per million with no ill effects.
We breathe the 40,000 ppm into victims needing CPR and it does not cause them to die!
The monitoring systems in U.S. submarines do not provide an alert until CO2 levels reach 8,000 ppm which is higher that natural CO2 levels have been on Earth in the last 540 million years.
CO2 is a great airborne fertilizer which, as its concentrations rise, causes additional plant growth and causes plants to need less water. Without CO2 there would be no life (food) on Earth. The 120 ppm of CO2 added to the atmosphere since the start of the industrial revolution has caused an average increase in worldwide plant growth of over 12 percent and (18 percent for trees).
There is not a single instance of CO2 being a pollutant. Ask any chemistry professor.
The Carbon Cycle
Good clear explanation – http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150923/
Carbon & CO2
http://www.CO2science.org/index.php
CO2 levels in submarines
Data collected on 10 nuclear-powered attack submarines indicate an average CO2 concentration (over 90 days) of 4,100 ppm with a range of 300-11,300 ppm (Hagar 2003).
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11170&page=47
A number of studies suggest that CO2 exposures in the range of 15,000-40,000 ppm do not impair neurobehavioral performance. Schaefer 1961, Glatte et al. 1967, Storm and Giannetta, 1974
Selected Inhalation Exposure Levels for Carbon Dioxide from NRC and Other Agencies
|
Organization |
Type of Level |
Exposure Level (ppm) |
|---|---|---|
|
Occupational |
||
|
ACGIH |
TLV-Ceiling |
5,000 |
|
TLV-STEL |
30,000 |
|
| NIOSH | REL-TWA | 5,000 |
| REL-STEL | 30,000 | |
|
OSHA |
PEL-TWA |
5,000 |
|
Spacecraft |
||
|
NASA |
SMAC |
|
|
1 h |
13,000 |
|
|
24 h |
13,000 |
|
|
30 days |
7,000 | |
|
180 days |
7,000 | |
The current global CO2 average level = only ~ 400 ppm.
From https://www.nap.edu/catalog/11170/emergency-and-continuous-exposure-guidance-levels-for-selected-submarine-contaminants
Abbreviations: ACGIH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; h, hour; NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration; PEL, permissible exposure limit; ppm, parts per million; REL, recommended exposure limit; SMAC, spacecraft maximum allowable concentration; STEL, short-term exposure limit; TLV, Threshold Limit Value; TWA, time-weighted average.
Carbon combustion generates 80% of our energy. Control and taxing of carbon would give the elected ruling class more power and money than anything since the Magna Carta of 1215 AD.
Most scientists and science educators work for tax supported institutions eager to help government raise more money for them. And, they love being seen as “saving the planet.”
To put the carbon scare into perspective – CO2 has increased from 3parts per 10,000 to 4 parts per 10,000 in….150yrs; that’s 1 part per 10,000 in….150yrs, most of it natural !!
But, some people still believe that… CO2 (the magic molecule) …Does Everything – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vdl3TRxv0c